A Guide to Psychedelic Medicine for Veterans

As the field of mental health explores new frontiers, psychedelic medicine is gaining recognition for its potential in treating veterans’ mental health issues. While certain mental health conditions like treatment-resistant depression (TRD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and traumatic brain injuries (TBI) occur in all populations, up to 10% of United States military are likely to be diagnosed with one of the aforementioned mental health disorders. Furthermore, veterans also have a 1.5 times higher risk of suicide than the general population. This guide, developed with the assistance of Veterans Exploring Treatment Solutions (VETS), Reasons for Hope, and the American Psychedelic Practitioners Association, may aid veterans in understanding and accessing psychedelic-assisted therapy.^{(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)}

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What are Psychedelics?

Psychedelics are a class of psychoactive substances that produce changes in perception, mood, and cognitive processes. These drugs can induce experiences that are significantly different from ordinary consciousness, often characterized by vivid visual and auditory changes, altered thought processes, and a unique set of emotional and psychological responses.⁽⁷⁾

The most common psychedelics being studied for medical applications include:

LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide):

A potent synthetic hallucinogen known for its powerful alteration of perception and consciousness. Research has suggested LSD’s potential in psychotherapy, especially in treating mood disorders, anxiety, and existential distress associated with life-threatening diseases. Its therapeutic effects are attributed to its ability to induce profound cognitive and emotional insights.⁽⁸⁾

Psilocybin (aka Magic Mushrooms):

The active compound found in magic mushrooms, psilocybin is noted for producing profound spiritual experiences and emotional introspection. It is being extensively studied for its potential in treating depression, end-of-life anxiety, and other mental health disorders. Clinical trials have shown its effectiveness in reducing symptoms of major depressive disorders and enhancing emotional well-being.⁽⁹⁾

MDMA (Methylenedioxymethamphetamine):

Commonly associated with the drug ecstasy, MDMA is unique for its empathogenic (something that increases a person’s feeling of empathy, prosocial behavior, and benevolence towards others) effects. MDMA is primarily being explored for its potential to treat PTSD, showing promise in reducing symptoms and enhancing the effectiveness of psychotherapy by fostering trust and empathy.⁽¹⁰⁾

DMT (Dimethyltryptamine):

Found in several plants and the psychedelic brew Ayahuasca, DMT is known for its rapid onset and intense psychedelic experiences. Research has focused on its use in spiritual contexts and its potential therapeutic benefits, particularly in addressing substance use disorders and depression.⁽¹¹⁾

Mescaline:

Derived from Peyote and other cacti, mescaline is one of the oldest known psychedelics used for spiritual and ritual purposes. Its therapeutic potential is less studied compared to other psychedelics. Still, interest is growing in its ability to induce profound psycho-spiritual experiences and its potential use in treating substance use disorders and mental health conditions.⁽¹²⁾

Ayahuasca:

A plant-based brew that contains DMT, Ayahuasca is traditionally used in healing ceremonies. Studies have focused on its potential in treating depression and addiction, with some users reporting significant psychological and emotional insights.⁽¹³⁾

Ibogaine:

A naturally occurring alkaloid found in the African shrub iboga. Ibogaine has been studied for its potential in treating substance use disorders (aka addiction), showing effectiveness in reducing withdrawal symptoms and cravings. It also shows promise in treating mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and PTSD, especially among individuals with traumatic brain injuries. Ibogaine’s mechanism of action is distinct from classic hallucinogens like LSD and psilocybin, and it has been used in various therapeutic and ritual contexts. However, it is important to note that ibogaine therapy carries greater risks than other psychedelics due to potentially severe medical complications and cardiotoxic effects​.⁽¹⁴⁾

Ketamine:

Originally developed as an anesthetic, ketamine has emerged as a promising treatment for various mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety, and PTSD. While ketamine therapy is generally considered safe under medical supervision, it can cause dissociative effects and, in recreational use, poses risks of abuse and addiction.⁽¹⁵⁾

Recent research has given us a better understanding of how psychedelics act on serotonin receptors that impact cognition and the brain. Some of these neurological effects have been linked to creative thinking, specifically to the thought processes science most closely defines as creative thought and to the brain regions and networks that are active during this type of thought.


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Psychedelics in Treating Veterans’ Mental Health

The exploration of psychedelic substances in the treatment of mental health issues among veterans marks a significant turn in therapeutic approaches. Psychedelics, known for altering consciousness and perception, are being studied for their potential to effectively treat conditions like PTSD, depression, and anxiety, which are disproportionately prevalent among veterans.⁽¹⁶⁾

Studies involving psychedelics such as psilocybin, MDMA, and LSD have shown promising results in mitigating symptoms of PTSD and depression. For example, a study published in the Journal of Psychopharmacology reported that high-dose psilocybin therapy, combined with psychotherapy, significantly reduced depression and anxiety symptoms in cancer patients, a relevant finding considering the similar nature of traumatic stress in veterans. A study in the journal Nature Medicine found that after MDMA therapy, a significant number of participants no longer qualified for a PTSD diagnosis. However, despite these positive findings, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) rejected MDMA as a treatment for PTSD in August of 2024, citing the need for an additional Phase III trial from Lykos Therapeutics to address concerns about the safety and efficacy of the treatment.^{(17, 18, 19)}

The therapeutic potential of psychedelics lies in their potential to produce profound psychological insights and emotional catharsis. These substances often facilitate a re-examination and reprocessing of traumatic memories, enabling individuals to approach their past experiences from a new perspective. For veterans who may struggle with intrusive memories and hyperarousal symptoms characteristic of PTSD, this can be particularly beneficial.⁽²⁰⁾

Safety and supervision are also crucial in psychedelic therapy. Sessions should be conducted in controlled settings under the guidance of trained professionals. This ensures that veterans can navigate the intense experiences facilitated by psychedelics in a supportive environment, maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks.

Despite promising results, it’s important to note that research on psychedelics is still evolving. Legal and regulatory hurdles and the need for larger-scale studies persist. However, the growing body of evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of psychedelics in treating veterans’ mental health issues is encouraging. As research continues, these treatments may become more accessible, offering new hope for veterans struggling with mental health conditions.

How Psychedelics are Being Used to Treat PTSD

Psychedelics are being utilized to treat PTSD by leveraging their unique ability to alter brain function and promote emotional processing. Substances such as MDMA, psilocybin, and other psychedelics are at the forefront of research due to their capacity to facilitate deep, therapeutic experiences. MDMA-assisted therapy, in particular, has shown remarkable efficacy, with many research participants experiencing sustained improvements in their mental health.

MDMA

As mentioned, research indicates that MDMA holds significant promise in treating PTSD. However, it is not considered a classic psychedelic. Instead, it is an empathogen known for promoting empathy, introspection, and interpersonal trust, which can be beneficial in a therapeutic setting. Clinical trials involving MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD have demonstrated profound changes in symptom severity. In one study, roughly 67% of participants who received MDMA-assisted therapy no longer met the criteria for PTSD a year later. The Multidisciplinary Association of Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) completed its Phase III clinical trial exploring MDMA-assisted therapy to treat PTSD. Subsequently, MAPS also submitted a new drug application to the FDA to approve MDMA for the treatment of PTSD. As of July 2024, the review and approval process is still ongoing.^{(21, 22, 23)}

However, it should be noted that these trials did not directly involve military veterans. Unfortunately, this is common with clinical trials, as veterans often have multiple conditions and comorbidities that preclude them from accessing some studies and clinical trials.

Some of the data and findings from this study were:⁽²²⁾

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Psilocybin

Psilocybin, the active compound in magic mushrooms, is also being researched for its potential in treating PTSD. Like MDMA, psilocybin has been designated as a breakthrough therapy (a designation given to a new drug undergoing an expedited approval process) by the FDA for treatment-resistant depression.^(24, 25)

There’s growing evidence suggesting the effectiveness of psilocybin, the psychoactive substance in certain mushrooms, in treating PTSD. Although there haven’t been studies specifically investigating psilocybin or psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) for PTSD, preliminary findings from studies that have examined depression with comorbid PTSD are promising.

An exploratory study involving individuals with trauma from AIDS showed that psilocybin-assisted therapy could decrease symptoms of PTSD, anxiety related to attachment, and feelings of demoralization. Early trials using psilocybin-assisted therapy indicate potential benefits in processing traumatic memories and reducing emotional avoidance, depression, anxiety, and feelings of pessimism while enhancing acceptance, self-compassion, and forgiveness, all crucial for PTSD recovery.⁽²⁶⁾

However, this research area is still emerging, with mechanisms of action not fully understood and the risks associated with using psychedelics for trauma-related disorders requiring more investigation. Overall, these findings support the need for more in-depth research into psilocybin-assisted therapy as a novel treatment strategy for PTSD.

The treatment process with these psychedelics typically includes preparation sessions, followed by guided therapy sessions where the drug is administered, and then integration sessions to process the experience. The emphasis is on creating a safe and controlled environment to maximize the therapeutic potential and minimize risks.

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Ibogaine as a Potential Treatment for Traumatic Brain Injury TBI

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), a major cause of disability, may lead to serious conditions like PTSD, depression, and anxiety. This is particularly true for veterans, especially those from Special Operations Forces and veterans who have seen combat action. Given the limitations of current treatments, there’s growing interest in alternative therapies, including ibogaine, a substance derived from a plant called Tabernanthe iboga, traditionally used in African spiritual practices.⁽²⁷⁾

Ibogaine, a naturally occurring compound derived from the iboga shrub, is gaining attention as a potential treatment for PTSD. This interest stems from ibogaine’s unique interaction with various neurotransmitter systems in the brain, making it a candidate for addressing the complex symptoms associated with TBI and PTSD. As mentioned, the compound has traditionally been used in African spiritual and healing practices and is known for inducing a dream-like state that allows for profound self-reflection and introspection.^{(27, 28, 29)}

This aspect of ibogaine treatment aligns with the therapeutic needs of PTSD patients, who often struggle with intrusive memories and emotional processing. In a recent study, supported by VETS and conducted by researchers at Stanford University, involving Special Operations Forces veterans with mild traumatic brain injuries, ibogaine has shown promise in reducing symptoms associated with PTSD and TBI. The study reported significant improvements in overall functioning and a reduction in TBI, PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptoms following treatment with ibogaine in combination with magnesium supplementation. This supplementation is crucial, as it may help to address potential cardiac risks associated with ibogaine use.⁽³⁰⁾

Some key findings regarding the use of ibogaine in the treatment of PTSD and TBI among Special Operations Forces veterans (SOVs) emerged from the study:⁽²⁷⁾

• Improvements in Functioning: The study reported significant improvements in participants’ overall functioning. These improvements were measured using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule and observed immediately and one month after treatment.

• Effect Sizes: The study found substantial reduction in symptoms, indicating the magnitude of the treatment’s impact.

• Reductions in PTSD, Depression, and Anxiety Symptoms: There were significant reductions in PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptoms one month after treatment, with notable effect sizes:
  • PTSD: Cohen’s d = 2.54.
  • Depression: Cohen’s d = 2.80.
  • Anxiety: Cohen’s d = 2.13.

Here’s what these specific numbers mean:⁽²⁷⁾

The study included NPT (Neuropsychological Testing), revealing areas of improvement after treatment, particularly in processing speed and executive function, without any detrimental changes observed. These results suggest a potential therapeutic benefit of Ibogaine, combined with magnesium, in treating PTSD and related symptoms in special operations veterans with a history of predominantly mild TBI.⁽²⁷⁾

The therapeutic impact of ibogaine in this context is attributed to its multifaceted interaction with brain chemistry. It affects several neurotransmitter receptors, including those related to the NMDA (believed to be partially responsible for the formation of memories and brain plasticity), opioid (which regulates pain and addiction), and serotonin systems (the system that regulates mood, sleep, and sexual desire among others). This broad spectrum of interaction may help in alleviating the diverse symptoms of PTSD, ranging from mood disruptions to cognitive impairments.⁽²⁷⁾

However, it’s important to approach these findings with caution. The existing studies are preliminary and more extensive, controlled research is needed to fully understand the efficacy and safety of ibogaine as a treatment for PTSD. The current evidence, though limited, provides a basis for further investigation into ibogaine’s potential as a novel approach to managing PTSD, particularly in populations such as veterans who might not have fully benefited from conventional treatments. Furthermore, ibogaine should never be used without expert supervision due to its cardiotoxic effects.⁽²⁷⁾

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Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy for Veterans

Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) is currently the only treatment that is widely available and which has some insurance coverage depending on the carrier. It represents a new approach to the treatment of mental health disorders, offering potential hope to veterans and others who struggle with various psychological conditions. This treatment combines the pharmacological effects of ketamine—a medication originally used for anesthesia—with psychotherapy to enhance therapeutic outcomes.

Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy involves the administration of ketamine under medical supervision to facilitate an altered state of consciousness. Unlike traditional antidepressants that often take weeks to show effects, ketamine may produce rapid improvements in mood and thought patterns.⁽³¹⁾

How Effective is Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP)?

Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy’s potential effectiveness is particularly noted in the rapid reduction of symptoms associated with depression, anxiety, PTSD, and other mood disorders. This may be in combination with other therapeutic interventions. One study suggests that up to 70% of the participants with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) who were on one oral antidepressant and intranasal ketamine (esketamine) showed improved symptoms. A meta-analysis published in the American Journal of Psychiatry highlighted that ketamine significantly reduced depressive symptoms at 24 hours, with effects sustained over a week following treatment. ^{(32, 33, 34, 35, 36)}

How Can Veterans Access Ketamine Therapy?

For veterans interested in exploring ketamine-assisted therapy, several pathways can facilitate access. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has been increasingly incorporating ketamine treatments into its mental health services, recognizing its potential benefits. Veterans are advised to start by consulting with their VA healthcare provider, who can offer guidance on eligibility and refer them to VA-sanctioned ketamine-assisted therapy programs. Additionally, private clinics across the United States offer ketamine therapy. While these may not be directly affiliated with the VA, veterans may use benefits from their insurance plans or explore financial assistance programs aimed at former service members to cover costs.⁽³⁷⁾

What are the Typical Costs of Ketamine-Assisted Therapy?

The costs of ketamine-assisted therapy can vary widely depending on the location, clinic, and specific treatment plan. The average cost of sessions in private clinics can range from $400 to $800 per session, with a series of 6-8 sessions often recommended for optimal results. However, costs can be as low as $89 and as high as $6,000 at multiday healing centers. Some insurance plans may cover some of the costs, and veterans should also inquire about discounts, sliding scale fees, or dedicated funding.⁽³⁸⁾

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Psychedelics Beyond Mental Health

Psychedelics are increasingly being recognized for their potential in physical and spiritual healing. This broader perspective on healing explores not just the mind but the body and spirit as well.

Chronic pain, a condition that affects many individuals, including veterans, has been a challenging area for conventional medicine. Emerging research is exploring the role of psychedelics in pain management. Psychedelics may influence the brain’s pain pathways and alter the perception of pain. For example, studies on ayahuasca and psilocybin have shown potential in reducing the subjective experience of pain, offering a novel approach to chronic pain management. The idea is that psychedelics might not just address the symptoms of pain but also interact with the psychological and emotional factors that exacerbate it.⁽³⁹⁾

On the spiritual and personal development front, psychedelics have a long-standing history of use in various cultural and spiritual practices. These substances are known for inducing profound experiences that many describe as life-changing. Users often report a sense of interconnectedness, spiritual awakening, and deep personal insights. These experiences can lead to significant personal growth, reevaluating your life’s priorities, and a renewed sense of purpose. Such outcomes can be particularly transformative for veterans grappling with questions of identity and purpose post-service.⁽⁴⁰⁾

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Navigating Legal and Ethical Concerns: Regulations and Accessibility for Veterans

The use of psychedelics in treating veterans’ mental health presents a complex landscape of legal and ethical considerations. The evolving nature of psychedelic research and therapy necessitates careful navigation of these concerns to ensure safe and effective treatment.

Regulations and Accessibility for Veterans

The legal status of psychedelics is one of the primary barriers to their accessibility for therapeutic use. Substances like psilocybin, MDMA, and LSD are classified as Schedule I drugs under the Controlled Substances Act in the United States, indicating a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use. However, this classification is increasingly at odds with emerging research demonstrating their therapeutic potential.⁽⁴¹⁾

Some states are beginning to change their stance, with Oregon and Colorado taking steps toward legalizing or decriminalizing psychedelics for supervised therapeutic use. For veterans, who often rely on healthcare services provided by the VA, the federal classification of these substances complicates their access to psychedelic-assisted therapies. The VA is bound by federal law, limiting its ability to offer such treatments, even in states where they are legal.

Fortunately, access at the federal level may soon improve. For the first time, the 2024 defense policy bill introduced a special provision that allows for studies examining the impact of psychedelic treatments on military personnel suffering from various conditions. However, language indicates that this will only be available to active duty personnel, which will likely change with time.

Incorporated into the fiscal 2024 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), the provision opens doors for military members diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or traumatic brain injury (TBI) to participate in clinical trials. These trials can use Pentagon-approved funds and are permitted irrespective of the drug’s status under the Controlled Substances Act or the Uniformed Code of Military Justice. Both the Senate and the House have passed the bill, and President Joe Biden has signed it into law.

Amber Capone, CEO of VETS, hails this development as a “major milestone for veterans,” signifying a cross-party commitment to address veterans’ mental health issues. This move is particularly pertinent given the rising mental health crisis among the community, with up to 20% of veterans from Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom reporting PTSD symptoms at some stage in their lives.⁽⁴²⁾

The NDAA mandates Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin to establish a framework for the Pentagon to fund psychedelic research by federal, state, or academic institutions. The range of substances under study includes MDMA (ecstasy), psilocybin (magic mushrooms), ibogaine (from the Iboga plant), 5-MeO-DMT (found in several plants and the Colorado River Toad), DMT (often associated with ayahuasca), and other psychedelic-based therapies.⁽⁴³⁾

Promising results have already been observed with these substances. For instance, the FDA recognized MDMA as a breakthrough therapy for PTSD treatment in 2017 and psilocybin for anxiety and depression in 2019. MDMA may be approved by the FDA as a treatment for PTSD by August of 2024. However, recent controversies surrounding a vote by an independent FDA review board have called that into question. There is also some anticipation that ibogaine might also receive similar recognition for substance use disorders and traumatic brain injury.

Over the next five years, Secretary Austin must report to the House and Senate Armed Services committees about the funded institutions, the number of participating troops, and the clinical trial results. While this NDAA provision is a significant step forward, further efforts are underway to expand psychedelic therapies for veterans.

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Ethical Considerations for Psychedelic Use and Research

The ethical implications of psychedelic therapy are multifaceted. Informed consent is a critical issue, particularly given the powerful and sometimes unpredictable effects of these substances. Participants in psychedelic therapy must be thoroughly informed about the potential risks and benefits. Moreover, the therapy’s set (mental state) and setting (physical and social environment) play a crucial role in the outcome, raising ethical concerns about the preparation and support provided to participants.⁽⁴⁴⁾

Another ethical consideration is the potential for psychedelics to influence participants’ beliefs and values, which necessitates a careful, non-directive approach by therapists. Research ethics also come into play, especially in ensuring unbiased results and managing the expectations of participants, who may be influenced by the widespread publicity surrounding psychedelic studies.⁽⁴⁴⁾

While the potential of psychedelics in treating veterans’ mental health is promising, navigating the legal and ethical landscape is a critical aspect that requires ongoing attention and adaptation. Balancing regulatory compliance with access to potentially life-changing therapies and ensuring ethical standards in both clinical use and research are key challenges in this evolving field.⁽⁴⁴⁾

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How Veterans Can Access Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy

For veterans seeking mental health treatment through psychedelic therapy, the journey involves navigating difficult legal landscapes, choosing appropriate therapeutic settings, and engaging in comprehensive care programs. This process differs significantly depending on whether the therapy is sought in the United States or in other countries, where such treatments are legal.

How to Register for a Clinical Trial

Currently, there are a wide swath of active, recruiting, or completed clinical trials involving psychedelics listed on Clinicaltrials.gov. If you or a veteran you know is interested in signing up for a trial, simply navigate to Clinicaltrials.gov and search the term “psychedelic,” along with a condition such as “TBI” to see if there is an available trial. You can contact the trial organizers and begin the screening and enrollment process. However, you may need to contact the nearest trial site directly. Most listings will also have contact information and the trial’s location address.

Unfortunately, veterans can find it challenging to be approved to participate in some trials due to their often stringent comorbidity and screening requirements. This makes the recent NDAA legislation critical to providing access to the veteran and active-duty military communities.

Understanding Legal Frameworks

In the United States, psychedelic therapy is currently at various stages of legality, depending on the state. Some states have legalized or decriminalized specific psychedelics, like psilocybin, for supervised personal and therapeutic use.⁽⁴⁵⁾

Federal law still largely prohibits the use of most psychedelics, though FDA-approved clinical trials are ongoing for substances like MDMA and psilocybin.

However, other countries like Australia, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Canada have more progressive policies regarding psychedelic substances. Of these, Australia stands out as the only nation with fully legal, regulated medical access to both MDMA and psilocybin.⁽⁴⁵⁾

After understanding the legalities, veterans can explore options at retreats and healing centers, especially in countries with more lenient laws regarding psychedelic therapy.

Key Considerations for Choosing a Retreat or Healing Center:

Pre-Screening and Psychological Assessment

Whether in the U.S. or abroad, a critical step is a pre-screening process, which typically includes:

Post-Treatment Support and Integration

The importance of post-treatment care cannot be overstated, regardless of where the therapy occurs. This phase often includes:

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For veterans exploring psychedelic therapy, understanding the legal, medical, and therapeutic aspects of this new treatment modality is crucial. The care received differs significantly based on the geographic location, with more options typically available abroad. By carefully considering the legal issues of the nation where the retreat is located, selecting the right therapeutic setting, undergoing appropriate evaluations, and engaging in comprehensive treatment and post-treatment care, veterans may be able to access this promising form of therapy safely and effectively.

States and Municipalities That Have Decriminalized Psychedelics

Several states and municipalities in the United States have taken steps toward the legalization or decriminalization of psychedelics, reflecting a growing interest in the therapeutic potential of these substances. It’s important to note that the legal landscape is rapidly evolving, and the status can change. Here’s an overview of the progress made in various regions:⁽⁴⁵⁾

Municipalities:

Several cities across the U.S. have also passed resolutions or ordinances that deprioritize law enforcement actions against the possession and use of entheogenic plants and fungi. These include:⁽⁴⁵⁾

These changes primarily focus on reducing law enforcement priorities for certain psychedelic substances and do not equate to full legalization. The legal frameworks often allow for personal use, possession, and cultivation, but the sale and distribution can still be subject to penalties.

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Legalization vs. Decriminalization:

It’s crucial to distinguish between legalization and decriminalization. Legalization means that the use and possession of psychedelics are legal under state law, typically within a regulated system, as seen with Oregon’s psilocybin therapy program. Decriminalization means that while the substances remain illegal, penalties for possession are reduced or eliminated, focusing police and law enforcement efforts elsewhere.

As the conversation around psychedelics continues to evolve, driven by research into their therapeutic potential, more states and municipalities will likely consider changes to their legal stance on these substances. Always check the most current legal status directly from reliable sources or governmental websites as laws and policies continue to change.

Safety and Preparation for Psychedelic Therapy

Safety and thorough preparation are paramount in psychedelic therapy, a treatment approach that involves navigating profound psychological states.

Set and Setting: Preparing the Mind and Body

The concept of “set and setting” is crucial in psychedelic therapy. “Set” refers to the mindset of the individual undergoing the therapy, including their expectations, emotional state, and intentions for the experience. A positive mindset, openness to the experience, and a lack of preconceived notions can significantly influence the therapy’s outcome. “Setting,” on the other hand, refers to the physical and social environment where the therapy occurs. A comfortable, calm, and safe setting is vital for a positive and therapeutic experience. Preparing the mind and body involves psychological screening, counseling, and sometimes physical health checks to ensure the individual is ready for the experience.⁽⁴⁶⁾

Creating a Safe Environment

The physical setting should be designed to promote a sense of safety and tranquility. This often includes a quiet, comfortable room with elements of nature or soothing aesthetics. Professional supervision is critical throughout the psychedelic experience. Trained therapists or medical professionals should be present to guide the individual through the treatment, experiential, and therapy processes, providing support and ensuring safety. This supervision helps in navigating challenging emotional or psychological moments that may arise during psychedelic therapy.

The safety and effectiveness of psychedelic therapy heavily depend on meticulous preparation and the creation of a supportive, controlled environment. Proper mental and physical preparation, coupled with professional supervision and an appropriate setting, are key to a beneficial psychedelic therapy experience.

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Harm Reduction: Dosing and Psychedelic Use Outside of a Therapeutic Setting

Psychedelic substances, when used outside of a therapeutic setting, require careful consideration of harm reduction practices, particularly regarding dosing and the overall safety of the experience. Understanding these guidelines is critical for reducing risks and ensuring a safer, more controlled experience.

Another crucial aspect of psychedelic use is drug testing. Unfortunately, it has become increasingly common for psychedelics acquired from the street or online sources to be contaminated with fentanyl or other drugs that may be dangerous, especially when unknowingly consumed. As such, testing any drugs is extremely important, especially those that come in a pill or powder form.⁽⁴⁷⁾

Thankfully, drug testing services like DanceSafe provide accurate drug testing kits relatively cheaply. You can also purchase fentanyl test strips from DanceSafe, which can help provide safety.

Dosing Guidelines for Common Psychedelics

Psychedelic substances have varying effects and safety profiles, making it crucial to understand appropriate dosing, especially when used outside a clinical setting.

Here are some general anecdotal guidelines for commonly used psychedelics:

Psychedelic Harm Reduction and Safety Tips for Veterans

When considering the use of psychedelics outside of a therapeutic setting, it’s vital to adhere to general harm reduction principles:

Veterans, in particular, need to be cognizant of their psychological and mental readiness to try a psychedelic and should only do so in a therapeutic setting if at all possible. If not, and a veteran has decided to explore psychedelics outside of that setting, be careful and ensure you have some form of support.

Having a tripsitter, family member, or a fellow veteran with you can help to ensure that you have a safe, fruitful experience. Psychedelics can cause one to relive traumatic memories, enter heightened states of anxiety, and experience hypervigilance. It is also a good idea to be in an environment that feels comfortable and free of stimuli that could trigger a mental health crisis or make one uncomfortable.⁽⁵⁵⁾

Suppose you or a veteran you know is considering the exploration of psychedelic medicine and has a history of psychosis, suicidality, or schizophrenia. In that case, it is imperative that you or they consult a trained mental health or medical professional before taking any psychedelic.

The safety and effectiveness of psychedelic therapy heavily depend on meticulous preparation and the creation of a supportive, controlled environment. Proper mental and physical preparation, coupled with professional supervision and an appropriate setting, are key to a beneficial psychedelic therapy experience.

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The Importance of Integrating Your Psychedelic Experience

Integration refers to the process of assimilating the insights and shifts in perspective gained during psychedelic therapy sessions into one’s daily life. This integrative period is crucial for the long-term success of psychedelic therapy, impacting personal growth and healing. It’s a way of ensuring that the insights don’t remain isolated experiences but become a part of an individual’s ongoing journey toward wellness and personal development. Effective integration can help resolve psychological issues, improve relationships, and foster a deeper understanding of oneself and the world.⁽⁵⁶⁾

Here are some practical tips for veterans looking to integrate their psychedelic experiences:

Integration is an ongoing process that can continue to unfold for weeks, months, or even years after the psychedelic experience, playing a crucial role in harnessing the full potential of psychedelic therapy.

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Leading Non-profit Organizations Supporting Veteran Access to Psychedelic Medicine

As mentioned earlier in the guide, access to psychedelic medicines and psychedelic-assisted therapy is extremely limited in the U.S. Fortunately, several organizations are advocating for additional reforms at the Federal level, as well as some that actively provide veterans with financial assistance to seek care at overseas psychedelic healing centers and retreats.

Veterans Exploring Treatment Solutions (VETS)

Veterans Exploring Treatment Solutions (VETS) is an organization dedicated to transforming the lives of U.S. military veterans through innovative and compassionate approaches to healing. VETS focuses on providing resources, research, and advocacy for psychedelic-assisted therapies to address a variety of health conditions, including traumatic brain injury (TBI), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), addiction, and more.

At the heart of VETS is a mission to end the veteran suicide epidemic. Through the organization’s Foundational Healing Grants, VETS provides funding, coaching, and additional resources for veterans seeking treatment with psychedelic-assisted therapies. Their vision is a world where veterans have access to advanced healthcare solutions, helping them heal from the mental and physical wounds of war. This mission is driven by the understanding that conventional treatments may not always provide the relief veterans need.

VETS is built upon six fundamental core values:

VETS operates on three primary pillars:

The inception of VETS is deeply personal. Co-founders Marcus Capone, a medically retired U.S. Navy SEAL, and his wife Amber experienced firsthand the challenges of transitioning to civilian life. Struggling with depression, isolation, cognitive impairment, and addiction, Marcus discovered his issues were rooted in TBI and overlapped with PTSD. Traditional treatments were ineffective, leading them to explore psychedelic-assisted therapy. The success of this treatment for Marcus inspired the couple to establish VETS, providing a lifeline to other veterans in similar situations.

VETS represents a paradigm shift in treating veteran-related mental health issues. Since 2019, the organization has offered hope and healing to countless veterans, exemplifying that the journey toward recovery and a fulfilling life post-service is possible through innovative approaches, understanding, and dedicated support.

Explore VETS’ Innovative Approach to Veteran Mental Health Care with Psychedelics. Learn How They’re Changing Lives by Tackling PTSD and More.

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Reason for Hope

Reason for Hope was born from personal tragedies and a shared desire to transform mental health care. The organization was founded in memory of Sherrie Hope Waters, who died by suicide in 2018. Its team, comprising individuals who have experienced the loss of loved ones to suicide or substance use, is committed to advocating for psychedelic medicine and assisted therapies.

The leadership of Reason for Hope is profoundly connected through personal losses, fueling their dedication to this cause. The organization’s co-founders include Lt Gen Martin Steele, USMC (Ret.), a retired three-star General with extensive experience in veteran affairs, and Brett Waters, an attorney motivated by the loss of his mother and grandfather to suicide. Lynnette Averill, Ph.D., also a co-founder, brings her research expertise in mental health treatments, driven by the loss of her father.

Over the past year, Reason for Hope has invested countless volunteer hours in legislative efforts, policy proposals, and educational initiatives across various states and federal levels. The focus has been on educating and persuading lawmakers about the urgent need for alternative treatments in mental health care, given the rising tide of chronic stress, trauma, and desperation in society. Reason for Hope has played a crucial role in drafting psychedelic legislation in states like Connecticut, Pennsylvania, and New York and has actively engaged with the White House and Congress.

Reason for Hope emphasizes the growing evidence supporting psychedelics as safer and more effective alternatives to traditional mental health treatments. These substances not only offer relief from mental health conditions but also help restore a sense of purpose and connection. However, Reason for Hope acknowledges the responsibility that comes with this power, advocating for ethical and safe practices in the use of psychedelic therapies.

The organization’s policy priorities include establishing a federal inter-agency task force for psychedelic medicine and advocating for state-level expanded access programs. Recent successes include the passage of legislation in Connecticut for an MDMA and psilocybin-assisted therapy pilot program. Reason for Hope continues to work on similar legislative efforts in other states, aiming to provide access to these groundbreaking treatments for those struggling with mental health issues.

Reason for Hope is a testament to the power of personal loss to transform into a force for societal change. While acknowledging that there is no magic cure for mental health issues, the team at Reason for Hope believes in the potential of psychedelic-assisted therapy to save and rejuvenate lives, offering a new path forward for those grappling with the darkest aspects of the human experience.

Heroic Hearts Project: Healing Veterans Through Psychedelic Programs

The Heroic Hearts Project (HHP) is a pioneering organization dedicated to supporting veterans suffering from PTSD. Founded in 2017 by Jesse Gould, a former Army Ranger, HHP offers a unique approach to healing through psychedelic programs. This initiative stems from Gould’s personal journey of recovery from severe PTSD, which he overcame after participating in an ayahuasca retreat in Peru.

Gould’s transformational experience in Peru was the catalyst for creating HHP. His battle with PTSD, a common but often debilitating condition among combat veterans, led him to leave his job as an investment banker and search for healing across the globe. The profound impact of the ayahuasca retreat on his mental health inspired him to extend this form of healing to his fellow veterans.

Heroic Hearts Project provides a comprehensive support system, including professional coaching, peer support, and various resources to guide veterans on their healing journey. The organization focuses on direct care for veterans and extends its support to research and advocacy efforts to enhance access to psychedelic therapies.

The Heroic Hearts Project offers a vital, alternative healing path for veterans suffering from war’s scars. By providing psychedelic therapies and comprehensive support, HHP is transforming veteran lives and cultivating a community focused on healing, growth, and mutual support.

The American Psychedelic Practitioners Association (APPA)

The American Psychedelic Practitioners Association (APPA) is a regulatory and advocacy organization focused on integrating psychedelic medicine into the U.S. healthcare system. APPA serves as an accreditation body for the field and a national association for practitioners. Its work includes establishing standards of care and training, advocating for accessible care, and providing education and community building for practitioners. APPA offers various services, such as professional practice guidelines, ethical guidelines, and member connectivity through various platforms.

The APPA team is led by a diverse and dedicated group of professionals. The Board of Directors includes former Brigadier General Stephen N. Xenakis, MD, serving as the Executive Director; Hadas Alterman, JD, Director of Government Affairs; and Megan Bowers Patterson, Director of Operations.

Recently, the APPA has embarked on a transformative journey to reshape the field of psychedelic therapy.

The APPA’s 2024 campaign centers on four primary goals:

APPA’s detailed timeline underscores its commitment to these goals. Key milestones include the publication of CPGs in November 2024, the development of training accreditation standards by January 2025, and the continuous expansion of member services and advocacy efforts.

Psychedelics are not a panacea, and while the current research is promising, there is much that is not yet understood. Taking the proper precautions, educating yourself, and consulting with a psychiatric or medical professional before using psychedelics can help to ensure you have a safe, positive experience. However, using psychedelics is just the first step in the healing process, and the real work begins once you have come down from a trip. Your success largely depends on your willingness to embrace change, integrate your experience, and grow.

If you are interested in using psychedelic medicine as an alternative to traditional modalities, you should consider contacting one of the organizations listed above. Some, such as VETS, Reason for Hope, and the Heroic Hearts Project, may be able to help offset the costs of traveling abroad or undergoing PAP within the United States.

If you are a veteran who’s reading this and undergoing a psychological or emotional crisis, know that you are not alone. Please contact (800) 273-8255 and Press 1. This will connect you to the Veteran Crisis Line. Their hotline is staffed by experienced, compassionate personnel, many of whom are also veterans. A trained responder will answer your call 24/7 to help you through a crisis, anxiety, or thoughts of self-harm.

Want to Listen and Learn About Psychedelics on Your Morning Commute? Explore Our Curated Podcasts for Some of the Best and Most Interesting Information About Psychedelic Medicine

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